拉力拉伸试验设备和拉伸试样
Tensile test equipment and tensile specimens
1. 试验设备
1. Test equipment
(1)机械式拉力试验机
(1) mechanical tensile testing machine
①备有适应各型号试样的专用夹具。
① special clamps suitable for various types of samples shall be provided.
②夹具的移动速度应能多级或全程调速，以满足标准方法的需要。
② the moving speed of the fixture shall be able to be adjusted in multiple stages or in the whole process to meet the requirements of the standard method.
③试验数据示值应在每级表盘的10％～90％，但不小于试验最大载荷的4％读取，示值的误差应在1％之内。
③ the indication of test data shall be 10% - 90% of each level of dial, but not less than 4% of the maximum load of test, and the error of indication shall be within 1%.
2. 拉伸试样
2. Tensile specimen
(1)试样的形状和尺寸  标准方法规定使用四种型号的试样。
(1) the standard method for the shape and size of specimens specifies that four types of specimens shall be used.
(2)试样的选择
(2) sample selection
热固性模塑材料：用I型。
Thermosetting molding material: I type.
硬板材料：用Ⅱ型(可大于170mm)。
Hard board material: type II (can be greater than 170mm).
硬质、半硬质热塑性模塑材料：用2型，厚度d＝(4±0.2)mm。
Rigid and semi-rigid thermoplastic materials: type 2, thickness d = (4 ± 0.2) mm.
软板、片材：用Ⅲ型，厚度d＜=2mm。
Soft plate and sheet: type III, thickness d ＜ = 2mm.
塑料薄膜：用Ⅳ型。
Plastic film: type IV.
3. 对试样的要求：
3. Requirements for samples:
①试样表面应平整、无气泡、裂纹、分层、无明显杂质和加工损伤等缺陷，有方向性差异的试片应沿纵横方向分别取样。
① the surface of the sample shall be flat, free of bubbles, cracks, delamination, obvious impurities, processing damage and other defects, and the test pieces with directional differences shall be sampled along the vertical and horizontal directions respectively.
②硬板厚度d＜10mm时，以原厚作为试样的厚度；当厚度d＞10mm时，应从一面机械加工成10mm。
② when the thickness d of the hard plate is less than 10 mm, the original thickness shall be taken as the thickness of the sample; when the thickness d is more than 10 mm, one side shall be machined to 10 mm.
③测试弹性模量，用厚4～10mm的Ⅱ型试样或用长200mm、宽15mm的长条试样。
③ test the elastic modulus with type II sample with thickness of 4-10 mm or long strip sample with length of 200 mm and width of 15 mm.
④每组试样不少于5个。
④ no less than 5 samples for each group.